![]() These traits can contribute to coping strategies which, when not sufficient anymore, might also facilitate development of the disease. In line with this model, genetic and environmental factors can affect the disorder as well as special personality traits ( 8). The pathogenesis of IBS is complex and best explained using the biopsychosocial model encompassing biological, psychological, and (psycho)social factors ( 7) that can all contribute to the development and maintenance of the disease. The search was conducted for articles from 1983 to 2019, the discussion highlights recent developments. Only human studies were considered for the review, while animal studies were excluded. We employed the following databases: PubMed and ScienceDirect using these keywords: brain-gut axis, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, IBS, irritable bowel syndrome, mindfulness-based therapy, psychodynamic, psychoeducation, psychosomatic, relaxation therapy, and self-help. In the present review we evaluated the state-of-knowledge on psychological treatment options for patients with IBS and as well discussed gaps in knowledge in order to foster further research. This underlines the need for a proper treatment offer ( 6). Also psychiatric disorders may be a consequence of the disease ( 5). A study from 2014 showed that quality of life in patients with IBS depends on different parameters such as clinical variables (24%), fear of gastrointestinal symptoms (14%) or demographics (10%). These complaints are very often associated with a great reduction in quality of life. ![]() IBS-U (unclassified): not clearly allocable ( 2). Several evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatment options exist such as psychoeducation, self-help, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness-based therapy, and relaxation therapy which will be discussed in the present review. However, also psychotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with IBS and should not be restricted to those with psychiatric comorbidities. Often, patients start with lifestyle changes and dietary advice followed by medical treatment. ![]() In line with the multitude of underlying factors, the treatment is comprised of a multitude of components. The pathophysiology is complex and best explained using the biopsychosocial model encompassing biological, psychological as well as (psycho)social factors. The patients complain about various symptoms like change in bowel habits, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, and meteorism leading to a great reduction in quality of life. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder.
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